This script analyses the intervention effect on DNAm in 178 adipose samples.


Setup

Load required packages

library(DNAmArray)
library(SummarizedExperiment)
library(tidyverse)
library(limma)
library(sva)
library(methylGSA)
library(IlluminaHumanMethylationEPICanno.ilm10b4.hg19)
library(minfi)
library(bacon)
library(lattice)
library(ggrepel)
library(irlba)
library(BiocParallel)
library(FDb.InfiniumMethylation.hg19)
library(ggfortify)
library(GenomicRanges)
library(ggrepel)
library(irlba)

Load data

load("../GOTO_Data/GOTO_targets-filtered.Rdata")
load('../GOTO_Data/GOTO_methData-filtered.Rdata')

Subset

methData <- methData[ , methData$tissue == 'fat']
targets <- targets %>% filter(tissue == "fat")

methData
## class: SummarizedExperiment 
## dim: 755777 178 
## metadata(0):
## assays(1): beta
## rownames(755777): cg18478105 cg09835024 ... cg10633746 cg12623625
## rowData names(57): cpg chr ... MASK_extBase MASK_general
## colnames: NULL
## colData names(40): DNA_labnr IOP2_ID ... cc_musc_endo cc_musc_smooth

PC calculation

Complete betas

complete_betas <- na.omit(assay(methData))
dim(complete_betas)
## [1] 529315    178

Calculate PCs

pc <- prcomp_irlba(
  t(complete_betas), 
  n=5)

Inspect

summary(pc)
## Importance of components:
##                            PC1     PC2    PC3    PC4     PC5
## Standard deviation     13.3929 11.4682 7.2857 5.2484 4.72391
## Proportion of Variance  0.2149  0.1576 0.0636 0.0330 0.02674
## Cumulative Proportion   0.2149  0.3725 0.4361 0.4691 0.49584
dim(pc$x)
## [1] 178   5
head(pc$x)
##             PC1        PC2       PC3        PC4       PC5
## [1,]  -1.440335 16.2142347 10.393022 -0.4849863  3.067190
## [2,]  -9.926265  3.8507025 10.984309 -0.4927224  4.573969
## [3,] -13.509285 -1.4642773 27.850524  1.3671431 -2.334182
## [4,]   3.887472 23.4060140  8.726567  0.9462546  3.721678
## [5,]  15.904349 -0.8134141 16.211856  5.3450235  5.782935
## [6,]  18.128649 -0.4012675 16.832321  2.3885584  4.817359

Merge

targets <- as.data.frame(colData(methData))
targets <- cbind(
  targets, 
  pc$x)
colData(methData) <- DataFrame(targets)

Linear mixed model

Formula

formula <- ~timepoint + age + sex + smoke + plate + array_row + 
  PC1 + PC2 + PC3 + PC4 + PC5 

Design

design <- model.matrix(formula, 
                       data=colData(methData))

Correlation for random effect

dupcor <- duplicateCorrelation(assay(methData),
                               design,
                               block = colData(methData)$IOP2_ID)

Fit models

fit <- lmFit(assay(methData), design,
             block = colData(methData)$IOP2_ID,
             correlation = dupcor$consensus.correlation)

Save

coef <- fit$coefficients[, 2]
se <- fit$stdev.unscaled[, 2] * fit$sigma
tstat <- coef / se
pval <- 2 * pt(-abs(tstat), fit$df.residual)
n <- ncol(design) + fit$df.residual

Bacon

bc <- bacon::bacon(teststatistics = tstat,
                   effectsizes = coef,
                   standarderrors = se,
                   verbose = TRUE)
## Use multinomial weighted sampling...
## threshold = -5.4009
## Starting values:
## p0 = 1.0000, p1 = 0.0000, p2 = 0.0000
## mu0 = -0.0168, mu1 = 5.7109, mu2 = -5.7445
## sigma0 = 1.0605, sigma1 = 1.0605, sigma2 = 1.0605
bc
## Bacon-object containing 1 set(s) of 755777 test-statistics.
## ...estimated bias: -0.017.
## ...estimated inflation: 1.1.
## 
## Empirical null estimates are based on 5000 iterations with a burnin-period of 2000.
bacon::inflation(bc)
##  sigma.0 
## 1.057734
bacon::bias(bc)
##       mu.0 
## -0.0168499

Save bacon adjusted values

pval <- bacon::pval(bc)
tstat <- bacon::tstat(bc)

Rerun bacon

bc <- bacon::bacon(teststatistics = tstat,
                   effectsizes = coef,
                   standarderrors = se,
                   verbose = TRUE)
## Use multinomial weighted sampling...
## threshold = -5.4009
## Starting values:
## p0 = 1.0000, p1 = 0.0000, p2 = 0.0000
## mu0 = 0.0001, mu1 = 5.4151, mu2 = -5.4150
## sigma0 = 1.0026, sigma1 = 1.0026, sigma2 = 1.0026
bc
## Bacon-object containing 1 set(s) of 755777 test-statistics.
## ...estimated bias: 0.00028.
## ...estimated inflation: 1.
## 
## Empirical null estimates are based on 5000 iterations with a burnin-period of 2000.
bacon::inflation(bc)
##  sigma.0 
## 1.003788
bacon::bias(bc)
##         mu.0 
## 0.0002795158

Output

Adjust p-values

padj_fdr <- p.adjust(pval, method="fdr")

Save results

limma_base <- data.frame(cpg = rownames(fit$coefficients), 
                         beta = coef, SE = se, 
                         p = pval, padj_fdr = padj_fdr, 
                         t = tstat, N = n)

Look at top CpGs

top_cpgs <- limma_base %>% filter(padj_fdr <= 0.05) %>% 
  arrange(padj_fdr)
print(paste0("There are ", nrow(top_cpgs), " significant CpGs in SAT"))
## [1] "There are 230 significant CpGs in SAT"
print(paste0(nrow(top_cpgs %>% filter(beta<0)), " of these are hypomethylated, and ", 
             nrow(top_cpgs %>% filter(beta>0)), " are hypermethylated."))
## [1] "91 of these are hypomethylated, and 139 are hypermethylated."

Save

save(top_cpgs, file='../GOTO_Data/GOTO_results-top-fat.Rdata')
save(limma_base, file='../GOTO_Data/GOTO_results-full-fat.Rdata')

Session Info

sessionInfo()
## R version 4.2.2 (2022-10-31)
## Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit)
## Running under: Rocky Linux 8.10 (Green Obsidian)
## 
## Matrix products: default
## BLAS/LAPACK: /usr/lib64/libopenblas-r0.3.15.so
## 
## locale:
##  [1] LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8       LC_NUMERIC=C              
##  [3] LC_TIME=en_US.UTF-8        LC_COLLATE=en_US.UTF-8    
##  [5] LC_MONETARY=en_US.UTF-8    LC_MESSAGES=en_US.UTF-8   
##  [7] LC_PAPER=en_US.UTF-8       LC_NAME=C                 
##  [9] LC_ADDRESS=C               LC_TELEPHONE=C            
## [11] LC_MEASUREMENT=en_US.UTF-8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=C       
## 
## attached base packages:
##  [1] grid      parallel  stats4    stats     graphics  grDevices utils    
##  [8] datasets  methods   base     
## 
## other attached packages:
##  [1] circlize_0.4.15                                    
##  [2] ComplexHeatmap_2.14.0                              
##  [3] RColorBrewer_1.1-3                                 
##  [4] pheatmap_1.0.12                                    
##  [5] clusterProfiler_4.2.2                              
##  [6] AnnotationHub_3.2.2                                
##  [7] BiocFileCache_2.2.1                                
##  [8] dbplyr_2.2.1                                       
##  [9] cinaR_0.2.3                                        
## [10] edgeR_3.40.2                                       
## [11] ggpubr_0.4.0                                       
## [12] GEOquery_2.62.2                                    
## [13] MuSiC_0.2.0                                        
## [14] nnls_1.4                                           
## [15] gplots_3.1.3                                       
## [16] plotly_4.10.1                                      
## [17] SeuratObject_4.1.3                                 
## [18] Seurat_4.3.0                                       
## [19] gridExtra_2.3                                      
## [20] lattice_0.21-8                                     
## [21] bacon_1.22.0                                       
## [22] ellipse_0.4.5                                      
## [23] methylGSA_1.12.0                                   
## [24] sva_3.42.0                                         
## [25] genefilter_1.76.0                                  
## [26] mgcv_1.8-42                                        
## [27] nlme_3.1-162                                       
## [28] limma_3.54.2                                       
## [29] lmerTest_3.1-3                                     
## [30] lme4_1.1-30                                        
## [31] IlluminaHumanMethylationEPICanno.ilm10b4.hg19_0.6.0
## [32] snpStats_1.44.0                                    
## [33] survival_3.5-5                                     
## [34] ggrepel_0.9.1                                      
## [35] ggfortify_0.4.14                                   
## [36] irlba_2.3.5.1                                      
## [37] Matrix_1.5-4.1                                     
## [38] omicsPrint_1.14.0                                  
## [39] MASS_7.3-60                                        
## [40] DNAmArray_2.0.0                                    
## [41] pls_2.8-2                                          
## [42] FDb.InfiniumMethylation.hg19_2.2.0                 
## [43] org.Hs.eg.db_3.14.0                                
## [44] TxDb.Hsapiens.UCSC.hg19.knownGene_3.2.2            
## [45] GenomicFeatures_1.46.5                             
## [46] AnnotationDbi_1.56.2                               
## [47] IlluminaHumanMethylationEPICmanifest_0.3.0         
## [48] minfi_1.40.0                                       
## [49] bumphunter_1.36.0                                  
## [50] locfit_1.5-9.8                                     
## [51] iterators_1.0.14                                   
## [52] foreach_1.5.2                                      
## [53] Biostrings_2.62.0                                  
## [54] XVector_0.34.0                                     
## [55] SummarizedExperiment_1.24.0                        
## [56] Biobase_2.58.0                                     
## [57] MatrixGenerics_1.10.0                              
## [58] matrixStats_1.0.0                                  
## [59] GenomicRanges_1.46.1                               
## [60] GenomeInfoDb_1.34.9                                
## [61] IRanges_2.32.0                                     
## [62] S4Vectors_0.36.2                                   
## [63] BiocGenerics_0.44.0                                
## [64] BiocParallel_1.32.6                                
## [65] MethylAid_1.28.0                                   
## [66] forcats_0.5.2                                      
## [67] stringr_1.5.0                                      
## [68] dplyr_1.1.3                                        
## [69] purrr_0.3.4                                        
## [70] readr_2.1.2                                        
## [71] tidyr_1.2.1                                        
## [72] tibble_3.2.1                                       
## [73] ggplot2_3.4.3                                      
## [74] tidyverse_1.3.2                                    
## [75] rmarkdown_2.16                                     
## 
## loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
##   [1] graphlayouts_0.8.1                                
##   [2] pbapply_1.7-0                                     
##   [3] haven_2.5.1                                       
##   [4] vctrs_0.6.3                                       
##   [5] beanplot_1.3.1                                    
##   [6] blob_1.2.4                                        
##   [7] spatstat.data_3.0-1                               
##   [8] later_1.3.1                                       
##   [9] nloptr_2.0.3                                      
##  [10] DBI_1.1.3                                         
##  [11] rappdirs_0.3.3                                    
##  [12] uwot_0.1.14                                       
##  [13] zlibbioc_1.44.0                                   
##  [14] MatrixModels_0.5-1                                
##  [15] GlobalOptions_0.1.2                               
##  [16] htmlwidgets_1.5.4                                 
##  [17] future_1.32.0                                     
##  [18] leiden_0.4.3                                      
##  [19] illuminaio_0.40.0                                 
##  [20] tidygraph_1.2.2                                   
##  [21] Rcpp_1.0.10                                       
##  [22] KernSmooth_2.23-21                                
##  [23] promises_1.2.0.1                                  
##  [24] DelayedArray_0.24.0                               
##  [25] magick_2.7.4                                      
##  [26] fs_1.6.2                                          
##  [27] fastmatch_1.1-3                                   
##  [28] digest_0.6.31                                     
##  [29] png_0.1-8                                         
##  [30] nor1mix_1.3-0                                     
##  [31] sctransform_0.3.5                                 
##  [32] scatterpie_0.1.8                                  
##  [33] cowplot_1.1.1                                     
##  [34] DOSE_3.20.1                                       
##  [35] ggraph_2.0.6                                      
##  [36] pkgconfig_2.0.3                                   
##  [37] GO.db_3.14.0                                      
##  [38] gridBase_0.4-7                                    
##  [39] spatstat.random_3.1-5                             
##  [40] DelayedMatrixStats_1.16.0                         
##  [41] minqa_1.2.5                                       
##  [42] reticulate_1.30                                   
##  [43] GetoptLong_1.0.5                                  
##  [44] xfun_0.39                                         
##  [45] bslib_0.5.0                                       
##  [46] zoo_1.8-12                                        
##  [47] tidyselect_1.2.0                                  
##  [48] reshape2_1.4.4                                    
##  [49] ica_1.0-3                                         
##  [50] viridisLite_0.4.2                                 
##  [51] rtracklayer_1.54.0                                
##  [52] rlang_1.1.1                                       
##  [53] hexbin_1.28.3                                     
##  [54] jquerylib_0.1.4                                   
##  [55] glue_1.6.2                                        
##  [56] modelr_0.1.9                                      
##  [57] ggsignif_0.6.3                                    
##  [58] labeling_0.4.2                                    
##  [59] SparseM_1.81                                      
##  [60] httpuv_1.6.11                                     
##  [61] preprocessCore_1.60.2                             
##  [62] reactome.db_1.77.0                                
##  [63] DO.db_2.9                                         
##  [64] annotate_1.72.0                                   
##  [65] jsonlite_1.8.5                                    
##  [66] bit_4.0.5                                         
##  [67] mime_0.12                                         
##  [68] Rsamtools_2.10.0                                  
##  [69] stringi_1.7.12                                    
##  [70] spatstat.sparse_3.0-1                             
##  [71] scattermore_0.8                                   
##  [72] spatstat.explore_3.1-0                            
##  [73] yulab.utils_0.0.6                                 
##  [74] quadprog_1.5-8                                    
##  [75] bitops_1.0-7                                      
##  [76] cli_3.6.1                                         
##  [77] rhdf5filters_1.10.1                               
##  [78] RSQLite_2.2.17                                    
##  [79] data.table_1.14.8                                 
##  [80] timechange_0.2.0                                  
##  [81] rstudioapi_0.14                                   
##  [82] GenomicAlignments_1.30.0                          
##  [83] qvalue_2.26.0                                     
##  [84] listenv_0.9.0                                     
##  [85] miniUI_0.1.1.1                                    
##  [86] gridGraphics_0.5-1                                
##  [87] readxl_1.4.1                                      
##  [88] lifecycle_1.0.3                                   
##  [89] htm2txt_2.2.2                                     
##  [90] munsell_0.5.0                                     
##  [91] cellranger_1.1.0                                  
##  [92] caTools_1.18.2                                    
##  [93] codetools_0.2-19                                  
##  [94] coda_0.19-4                                       
##  [95] MultiAssayExperiment_1.20.0                       
##  [96] lmtest_0.9-40                                     
##  [97] missMethyl_1.28.0                                 
##  [98] xtable_1.8-4                                      
##  [99] ROCR_1.0-11                                       
## [100] googlesheets4_1.0.1                               
## [101] BiocManager_1.30.21                               
## [102] abind_1.4-5                                       
## [103] farver_2.1.1                                      
## [104] parallelly_1.36.0                                 
## [105] RANN_2.6.1                                        
## [106] aplot_0.1.7                                       
## [107] askpass_1.1                                       
## [108] ggtree_3.2.1                                      
## [109] BiocIO_1.8.0                                      
## [110] RcppAnnoy_0.0.20                                  
## [111] goftest_1.2-3                                     
## [112] patchwork_1.1.2                                   
## [113] cluster_2.1.4                                     
## [114] future.apply_1.11.0                               
## [115] tidytree_0.4.0                                    
## [116] ellipsis_0.3.2                                    
## [117] prettyunits_1.1.1                                 
## [118] lubridate_1.9.2                                   
## [119] ggridges_0.5.4                                    
## [120] googledrive_2.0.0                                 
## [121] reprex_2.0.2                                      
## [122] mclust_6.0.0                                      
## [123] igraph_1.4.3                                      
## [124] multtest_2.50.0                                   
## [125] fgsea_1.20.0                                      
## [126] gargle_1.5.0                                      
## [127] spatstat.utils_3.0-3                              
## [128] htmltools_0.5.5                                   
## [129] yaml_2.3.7                                        
## [130] utf8_1.2.3                                        
## [131] MCMCpack_1.6-3                                    
## [132] interactiveDisplayBase_1.32.0                     
## [133] XML_3.99-0.14                                     
## [134] withr_2.5.0                                       
## [135] fitdistrplus_1.1-11                               
## [136] bit64_4.0.5                                       
## [137] rngtools_1.5.2                                    
## [138] doRNG_1.8.6                                       
## [139] progressr_0.13.0                                  
## [140] GOSemSim_2.20.0                                   
## [141] memoise_2.0.1                                     
## [142] evaluate_0.21                                     
## [143] tzdb_0.4.0                                        
## [144] curl_5.0.1                                        
## [145] fansi_1.0.4                                       
## [146] highr_0.10                                        
## [147] tensor_1.5                                        
## [148] cachem_1.0.8                                      
## [149] deldir_1.0-9                                      
## [150] rjson_0.2.21                                      
## [151] rstatix_0.7.0                                     
## [152] clue_0.3-64                                       
## [153] tools_4.2.2                                       
## [154] sass_0.4.6                                        
## [155] magrittr_2.0.3                                    
## [156] RCurl_1.98-1.12                                   
## [157] car_3.1-0                                         
## [158] ape_5.7-1                                         
## [159] ggplotify_0.1.0                                   
## [160] xml2_1.3.4                                        
## [161] httr_1.4.6                                        
## [162] assertthat_0.2.1                                  
## [163] boot_1.3-28.1                                     
## [164] globals_0.16.2                                    
## [165] R6_2.5.1                                          
## [166] Rhdf5lib_1.20.0                                   
## [167] progress_1.2.2                                    
## [168] KEGGREST_1.34.0                                   
## [169] treeio_1.18.1                                     
## [170] shape_1.4.6                                       
## [171] gtools_3.9.4                                      
## [172] statmod_1.5.0                                     
## [173] BiocVersion_3.16.0                                
## [174] HDF5Array_1.22.1                                  
## [175] rhdf5_2.42.1                                      
## [176] splines_4.2.2                                     
## [177] carData_3.0-5                                     
## [178] ggfun_0.0.7                                       
## [179] colorspace_2.1-0                                  
## [180] generics_0.1.3                                    
## [181] RobustRankAggreg_1.2.1                            
## [182] pillar_1.9.0                                      
## [183] tweenr_2.0.2                                      
## [184] sp_1.6-1                                          
## [185] GenomeInfoDbData_1.2.9                            
## [186] plyr_1.8.8                                        
## [187] gtable_0.3.3                                      
## [188] rvest_1.0.3                                       
## [189] restfulr_0.0.15                                   
## [190] knitr_1.43                                        
## [191] shadowtext_0.1.2                                  
## [192] biomaRt_2.50.3                                    
## [193] fastmap_1.1.1                                     
## [194] Cairo_1.6-0                                       
## [195] doParallel_1.0.17                                 
## [196] quantreg_5.94                                     
## [197] broom_1.0.1                                       
## [198] openssl_2.0.6                                     
## [199] scales_1.2.1                                      
## [200] filelock_1.0.2                                    
## [201] backports_1.4.1                                   
## [202] RaggedExperiment_1.18.0                           
## [203] base64_2.0.1                                      
## [204] vroom_1.5.7                                       
## [205] enrichplot_1.14.2                                 
## [206] mcmc_0.9-7                                        
## [207] hms_1.1.2                                         
## [208] ggforce_0.3.4                                     
## [209] scrime_1.3.5                                      
## [210] Rtsne_0.16                                        
## [211] shiny_1.7.2                                       
## [212] IlluminaHumanMethylation450kanno.ilmn12.hg19_0.6.0
## [213] polyclip_1.10-4                                   
## [214] numDeriv_2016.8-1.1                               
## [215] siggenes_1.68.0                                   
## [216] lazyeval_0.2.2                                    
## [217] crayon_1.5.2                                      
## [218] downloader_0.4                                    
## [219] sparseMatrixStats_1.10.0                          
## [220] viridis_0.6.2                                     
## [221] reshape_0.8.9                                     
## [222] compiler_4.2.2                                    
## [223] spatstat.geom_3.2-1

Clear

rm(list=ls())